Table of Contents
这个工具包解释了617888九五至尊娱乐家如何支持化石燃料行业的法律责任.
As people, communities, 各国还承担着由化石燃料引起的617888九五至尊娱乐变化所带来的日益增长的成本, 让企业和政府承担责任的最有力方式之一是通过法院. In the United States, 我们看到,针对化石燃料行业的与617888九五至尊娱乐相关的欺诈或损害赔偿的开创性诉讼急剧增加, or both. Globally, climate litigation is already having a major impact. A 2022 report 政府间617888九五至尊娱乐变化专门委员会(IPCC)将617888九五至尊娱乐相关诉讼确定为“各种行动者就如何治理617888九五至尊娱乐变化进行对抗和互动的重要舞台”,“影响了617888九五至尊娱乐治理的结果和目标”."
如果这些案例有一系列学科中可靠和相关的617888九五至尊娱乐作为依据,它们就有更大的成功机会. 有617888九五至尊娱乐依据的诉讼可以帮助那些受617888九五至尊娱乐变化影响的人让污染者对他们造成的损害和虚假信息负责, and to build resilience against future climate impacts.
Scientists have a critical role to play in climate litigation. As experts, 我们可以开展有力而及时的诉讼相关617888九五至尊娱乐研究, help inform courts via amicus briefs and legal interventions, and appear in court as expert witnesses. The UCS Science Hub for Climate Litigation的目标是为像您这样的专家建立更大的能力来参与这些过程.
This toolkit, Research on the Record,解释了如何支持化石燃料行业的法律责任.
Why research is crucial to climate litigation
在解决617888九五至尊娱乐危机的关键领域,617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼是一个不断发展的领域. When lawmakers block legislation, governments fail to enforce laws, and corporations violate environmental standards, lawsuits can break through to hold polluters and other bad actors accountable in court. Whether it is a suit filed by a small farmer, a storm-damaged municipality, or on behalf of a class of people, plaintiffs depend on scientific evidence to make their case.
617888九五至尊娱乐家可以在发展和传播与617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼相关的研究方面发挥关键作用. 法院依靠自然617888九五至尊娱乐和社会617888九五至尊娱乐来解决有关碳排放和617888九五至尊娱乐变化责任的法律索赔. The opportunities for climate litigation have grown as researchers have provided new evidence on the harmful effects of climate change; the emissions contributions of nations, state-owned and investor-owned corporations; and the fossil fuel industry's decades-long disinformation campaign to denigrate climate science and delay climate action.
Climate litigation-relevant research is a relatively young field. The first study 这篇量化了人类引起的617888九五至尊娱乐变化对个别天气事件的影响的论文发表于2004年,当时国际上只有11起与617888九五至尊娱乐变化有关的诉讼. Since then, climate litigation has dramatically increased (Fig 1). Between 2015 and 2021, more than 1,000 cases were filed worldwide, which are compiled in the Climate Change Litigation Database.
![A map that shows where climate litigation is taking place. Predominantly in NA, but appearing worldwide.](/sites/default/files/styles/original/public/2023-03/lawsuits-map.jpg?itok=16SP5CvZ)
许多617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼为受617888九五至尊娱乐变化影响的社区寻求损害赔偿, 但这些诉讼背后的这项研究的重要性超出了法院的最终裁决. Like the US tobacco litigation that culminated in the 1990s, climate litigation could uncover corporate irresponsibility, remedy past harms, 并阻止未来的不当行为,并帮助加强一个更广泛的运动,致力于削弱化石燃料行业的政治力量.
What kinds of research are most needed?
2022年12月发表在《517888九五至尊娱乐》杂志上的一篇同行评议文章, Research Priorities for Climate Litigation, 提供法律和617888九五至尊娱乐专家对研究类型的见解,这些研究可以为617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼提供信息,并帮助确定政府和企业对碳排放和617888九五至尊娱乐变化相关损害的责任.
A related policy brief 617888九五至尊娱乐社会617888九五至尊娱乐网络列出了近100个自然617888九五至尊娱乐和社会617888九五至尊娱乐的关键问题,以满足当前的617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼需求. 这些研究领域包括许多被世界各地的617888九五至尊娱乐损害和欺骗案件引用的研究.
这些文章描述了不同类型的研究如何与手头的法律问题相吻合. For example:
- 617888九五至尊娱乐探测和归因研究可以在建立被告的碳排放贡献与617888九五至尊娱乐损害之间的因果关系方面发挥重要作用(图2)。.
- 对阻碍617888九五至尊娱乐617888九五至尊娱乐和行动的研究可以帮助法院确定被告是否通过消费者欺诈等行为非法阻碍了对617888九五至尊娱乐变化的反应.
- 在许多此类案件中,法院将不得不就强制政府或公司减排做出裁决. Research on mitigation obligations can help to inform these decisions.
![A chart showing the logic of attribution research](/sites/default/files/styles/original/public/2023-03/attribution-lawsuits-flowchart.jpg?itok=LVrrlICz)
The UCS Science Hub compiles, develops, 并传达新的突破性分析,以建立更有力的案例来反对化石燃料污染者, alongside many partners in our community of practice. Below are some linked examples across identified research areas:
- Attribution of localized community impacts to emissions sources and tracing chains of causation between source and impact attribution
- Modeling of compound climate impacts
- Quantification of damages and adaptation costs
- Climate obstruction research including corporate disinformation, greenwashing and fossil fuel financing
- Understanding emission obligations related to fair shares 国家自主贡献(NDCs)、企业承诺和条约义务
- Modeling decarbonization and the transition away from fossil fuels
- Applying wide-ranging research in novel ways related to health impacts, displacement, cultural heritage, additional losses due to climate damages, etc.
Get involved
这里有一些你可以参与的方式,以及UCS617888九五至尊娱乐中心如何提供帮助.
Communicate
Your voice is powerful. Scientists are trusted messengers on issues of public interest. By working with the Science Hub, 您将获得在法庭和公众舆论法庭上有效传播617888九五至尊娱乐的技能. Outside of the courtroom, 617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼可以提高公众对617888九五至尊娱乐影响的认识,以及企业用来阻止和拖延617888九五至尊娱乐行动的策略. 617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼相关617888九五至尊娱乐领域的正常化有助于为研究提供更多支持,并改变学术界的做法, state and federal agencies, and industries.
下面是一些工具,可以帮助你将研究与617888九五至尊娱乐行动联系起来.
- Forward Research Priorities for Climate Litigation to your colleagues, share it on social media, 与你的同事讨论你的研究如何与617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼相关.
- 在你的下一次演讲中包括幻灯片,以促进你作为617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼相关研究领域的一部分的517888九五至尊娱乐.
- Increase awareness of fossil fuel industry disinformation 通过强调故意操纵617888九五至尊娱乐和妨碍司法公正的策略.
- Offer your expertise to local policymakers by using the UCS Scientist Advocacy Toolkit.
- Leverage your expertise to amplify new research and provide context for its relevance to climate litigation. 你的听众可能包括法官、检察官和你所在社区的诉讼人士.
Engage
UCS617888九五至尊娱乐中心培养技能,并提供机会利用您在法律流程中的专业知识. 617888九五至尊娱乐中心还为参与法律程序提供指导和支持, including greater barriers to participation, risks, 或者一些研究人员在面对强大的利益时所面临的恐吓. You can view existing resources for more insight and join UCS617888九五至尊娱乐中心与专家和同事联系,以获得直接支持 engage in opportunities. Our partners span disciplinary divides, communicate findings to key audiences, 并帮助研究人员应对从事与企业责任和617888九五至尊娱乐法律相关的研究的风险. 考虑一下通过你的研究参与617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼的一些方法.
- 为法律团队提供617888九五至尊娱乐617888九五至尊娱乐方面的建议,或通过律师为诉讼提供书面专业意见 amicus brief relating climate science to the case at hand.
- Provide expert testimony in court: the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund (CSLDF) provides a guide for scientists to learn 作为专家证人的期望:风险和如何避免常见陷阱
- Understand 你的权利和数字足迹是安全的,并鼓励你的行动:CSLDF Online communications guide
- Sign up 查看UCS617888九五至尊娱乐中心的时事通讯,了解最新信息和参与的新机会
Design
明确传达的617888九五至尊娱乐研究可以通过明确的归因证据和符合法律的问责制来加强案件, or provides critical building blocks to reproduce in further research. As you design new research proposals, 考虑如何构建你的研究,使其与617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼517888九五至尊娱乐更直接相关. 与UCS617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼617888九五至尊娱乐中心联系,与实践社区协商,帮助制定研究建议,解决相关的当地影响和补救措施, 并将研究框架置于政府和企业在你所在社区的义务中. Some key questions to ask include:
- What impacts are affecting communities most and how can you work with communities to shape research?
- How can you build on existing research to quantify attributions to major fossil fuel companies?
- 你的研究如何与你所在州的法律联系起来,这些法律为法律行动提供了机会或障碍?
- 你如何以同行评审的身份为新研究提出与诉讼相关的问题,为法律引用提供明确的证据?
By joining the UCS Science Hub for Climate Litigation, you will be joining other scientists, experts, 以及想要强化617888九五至尊娱乐案例并最大化其研究在现实世界中的功效的实践者.
法院和法律从业人员一般没有接受过评估相关617888九五至尊娱乐文献或确定相关专家担任咨询角色的培训. Scientists, in turn, 可能不知道他们的研究如何能用于617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼,或者哪里有机会传播他们的研究. The Science Hub works to bridge these gaps.
作为UCS617888九五至尊娱乐诉讼617888九五至尊娱乐中心的一部分,注册分享您的专业知识和观点. By signing up, you will have access to trainings,一个包括617888九五至尊娱乐家和律师的社区,以及617888九五至尊娱乐中心的通讯和资源: act.yanchang128.com/ScienceHub or reach out to [email protected].